Cephalopods collected during the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE; 1959–1965) and preserved at the Smithsonian Institution Oceanographic Sorting Center were analysed. This present work reports on the squids of the Loliginidae. A total of 378 specimens of Loliginids was identified: Loligo chinensis, Loligo duvaucelii, Loligo edulis, Loligo singhalensis, Loligo (?) sumatrensis, Loliolus hardwickei, and Sepioteuthis lessoniana. A systematic description is provided for each species, as well as its geographic distribution. Extensive updated information on the biology and fishery of each species also is discussed. Basic measurements were taken on each specimen and main morphological indices were computed; these were compared with those reported in the literature for each species. Tables provide measurements, morphological indices and comparisons with other studies. Appendices present information on capture sites, measurements and indices of individuals by sex and stage of maturity.  Supplemental Material ()